Alternative Sources of Energy Geothermal Essay - 1185 Words

Geothermal Energy Introduction The useful and super eco-friendly, and environmentally safe (for the most part), form of energy that is called Geothermal Energy has been used for thousands of years. The definition for Geothermal is â€Å"earth heat† so it is literally the heat naturally created by the earth that humans and other species have discovered to use to their advantage. The earliest known uses are located in china and are based since the 3rd century B.C. although at that time the energy was just used as bathing pools at specific hot springs, today and in earlier generations this energy of the earth has become an extremely useful and powerful tool for the populations of the world. Some of the first locations where this energy source†¦show more content†¦First scientists discover a hot spot or area with a lot of volcanic activity, and then they drill into the earth very deep. Then one pipe leads straight up to the earth’s surface containing hot air, gas, or fluid of some kind coming fr om the earth’s inner core. This hot fluid, generally steam, is caught in the turbine that was created to run the plant. This turbine then revolves to create the energy needed for the generator. Of course, as seen in the figure, there is an injection well so that the hot air/fluid can be pumped back into the earth to create a cycle. How the steam is created into electricity from the generator With this form of using a generator to utilize the steam naturally pumped up from the inner part of the earth, geothermal energy is able to be produced and then that energy, in the form of electricity, is pumped and directed to where it needs to go. Figure 2. This figure shows in even more detail how the electricity is powered through the generator and then given to the areas that require that energy. As you can see in the diagram, the â€Å"production well† brings in the hot air/steam which is then pumped through the â€Å"heat exchanger.† This is all then passed to the turbine to allow it to move freely and spin to create the needed electricity through the generator. Then once the air has pushed the turbine it is then pumped back into the ground through the â€Å"injection well.† This is basically how all of this works. It is a pretty simple conceptShow MoreRelatedImplementation Of Geothermal Energy As An Alternative Energy1459 Words   |  6 PagesTitle : Implementation Of Geothermal Energy As An Alternative Energy AHMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN ISMAIL (EC15132) FIRDAUS BIN MAT SHUKRI (EC15133) MUHAMMAD SUHAIMI BIN MOKHTAH (EC) AMAR FAISSAL BIN KAMARUDDIN (EC15134) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG (UMP), 26600 PEKAN, PAHANG, MALAYSIA Abstract This report presents an alternative energy is any energy source that from fossil fuel. We need to turn to alternative energy in general. Firstly, we were in dangerRead MoreScience Debate : Alternative Energy1157 Words   |  5 PagesDebate: Alternative Energy is Better Good morning/afternoon fellow peers and staff members. Today, I am going to prove how alternative energy sources are better than conventional sources. Some people don’t know the difference from alternative and conventional energy sources.Conventional sources are sources that are most common and have been traditionally used in the past. Alternative sources are the more eco-friendly source which makes our world a better place to live in. Examples of alternative energyRead MoreEssay on Geothermal Energy1047 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the years electricity has become a source of energy that cannot seem to be replaced; however there are many different alternatives to this source of energy. One specific alternative is geothermal energy, which might be just as effective as electricity, but much less harmful to the environment. Electricity, although very helpful, produces fuels that might be harming not only our world, but our human society. To power electricity we must use fos sil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gasRead More Alternative Energy Resources Essays1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe energy that is used today comes from fossil fuels, which is a nonrenewable limited resource that will eventually be used up. Alternative energy sources such as solar, hydroelectric, geothermal and wind energies can be used, to conserve the planets limited natural resources. Alternative energy is the use of another energy without the burning of fossil fuels and break up on atoms. Solar energy can be used to operate cars and provide electricity for homes and businesses. Hydroelectric energy canRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Fossil Fuels1260 Words   |  6 PagesFossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil or natural gas, formed from the remains of dead plants and animals, and great sources of energy and great sources of pollution. Fossil fuels are used to power a lot of things, including vehicles, heat homes, industries, manufacturing, and for e lectricity. Primarily used fossil fuels are coal, natural gas, and oil, these fossil fuels are dangerous to the environment. When fossil fuels are burned, it emits harmful gases in the environment likeRead MoreRenewable Energy : Solar Energy1007 Words   |  5 Pageshave been some of the primary sources of energy that we use in the world. There are some negatives to them like they pollute the air and it would not be renewable. It also has bad effects on the environment. This is where Alternative energies come into play. These sources are very efficient. There are multiple of these Alternative energies like Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Hydroelectricity,etc. These are some energies that will help us be more efficient with our energy choices. The ones listed are theRead MoreSources Of Alternative Energy Sources926 Words   |  4 PagesAlternate Energy Sources Alternative energy sources are becoming more and more popular. The most important alternative energy sources are solar, wind, geothermal, biomass, ocean, and hydropower energies. Their main advantage lies in the resumption of energy resources. This paper will give information about each of sources as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Solar energy The Sun is a leading environmentally clean energy source. The process of generating electricity from sunlight has beenRead MoreDifferent Types of Energy and Its Many Uses969 Words   |  4 PagesIn the world today there are five different forms of energy available to us to use: mechanical, chemical, radiant, electrical and nuclear. (Tillery, 2009 p. 62) Each of these forms of energy can be converted from one type of energy to another. An example of this would be electrical energy turning into mechanical energy every time you use your blender. The electrical energy flows through the mechanical device providing it the power it needs to make the blade move in a circular motion and blendRead MoreAlternative Energy is the Solution to the Fossil Fuel Dilemma1366 Words   |  6 PagesAlternative Energy is the Solution to the Fossil Fuel Dilemma If the United States continues to employ fossil fuels for energy, the nation will ultimately become more dependent upon fuel imports from the troublesome nations of the Middle East, and we will continue to damage our precious environment. Since the United States relies so heavily on fuel from the Middle East, the U.S. is subject to the will of those quarrelsome nations in order to maintain our fuel reserve. A shortage of oil canRead MoreA Brief Report On Fossil Fuels1328 Words   |  6 Pagesused as a main source of energy all over the world, including Canada. The burning of fossil fuels is the world’s leading source of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. In residential construction, Canada has become aware of the effects of fossil fuels and is adopting a new way of building with an environmentally friendly green approach using Geothermal Energy Pump Systems. In residential homes, Geothermal Energy Pu mps are systems

The Decline Of The Population Of Wild Tigers - 1165 Words

The Decline in the Population of Wild Tigers (Panthera tigris) Sherene Hall, ZOOL 215, Section 1, Spring 2015 Abstract This paper reviews the causes of declining wild tiger populations. These populations have been rapidly declining in the last 100 years and of eight subspecies of tigers, only five are left. As an umbrella species, they are an important factor within their ecosystems, but poaching, prey depletion, and loss of habitat are pushing wild tigers towards extinction. There is little research on the consequences of allowing wild tigers to go extinct in terms of trophic cascade. Introduction In the last century, the population size of wild tigers has dropped (Wikramanayake et al, 2011), and tigers may soon go extinct altogether. Research has shown that poaching, prey depletion, and loss of habitat are causing tiger populations to decrease. In this paper I provide an overview of the current status of wild tigers, the reasons for decreasing tiger populations, and conclude with a suggestion for future research that will lead to a better understanding of the consequences of wild tiger extinction. Status and Decline of Wild Tiger Populations Wild tiger populations can be found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam. Of the eight original subspecies, three, the Bali, South Chinese, and Javan tigers, have gone extinct in the last 80 years. Dasgupta et al (2014) developed a resource-allocation modelShow MoreRelatedSave the Endangered Animals Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesCould you imagine a world without tigers, the giant panda, or the rhinoceros? What a paler place it would be. Astonishing amounts of animals are considered critically endangered and near extinction. If we would like these animals to be around for future generations, we cannot hesitate in our efforts to help them. Rhinoceros - Sadly, the White, Black and Javan rhinoceros are all on the critically endangered list. The Indonesian Javan Rhino is in particularly bad shape with having less than 60Read MoreThe Tiger : A Predator Of The Biological Family Of Cats1288 Words   |  6 PagesA tiger – is a predator of the biological family of cats. One of the largest predators, the tiger is inferior in size only to bear – a white and a brown bear. Out of the nine subspecies of tigers known to humankind only six survived: Amur (Siberian) tiger, Bengal tiger, Malayan tiger, Sumatran tiger, Indochinese and South China tiger (Tilson and Nyhus, 2010, p.37). As for the Javan, Bali and Caspian tigers – these subspecies were exterminated by man. Bengal tigers constitute the majority of theRead MoreTigers: The Largest Living Cat814 Words   |  3 PagesThe tiger (Panthera tigris) is one of the best-known large mammals and the largest living cat. However, their numbers in the wild are decreasing significantly. According to Seidensticker et al. (2010), there are three subspecies becoming extinct since 1940s. Particularly, Panthera tigris sumatrae or also known as Sumatran tiger is now listed as critically endangered, with around 300 individuals proposed to be living in the wild (Seidensticker et al., 2010). Nowadays, tigers are facing serious conflictRead MoreThe Great Honor Of The Hundred Acre Woods1711 Words   |  7 PagesFro m the ancient ceremonies of China to the Hundred Acre Woods, tigers have had iconic roles in cultures around the world. They symbolize strength, energy, and wealth, and to be associated with one – whether through birth signs or personality traits – is a great honor. Their time on Earth, however, may one day come to an end, and they will be reduced to legends and storybook characters unless we do something to help them. Tigers are beautiful, powerful, and majestic creatures that are being wipedRead MoreSumatran Species981 Words   |  4 Pagescritically endangered since 2000 (Singleton et al., 2016, p.2). Both the WWF (2017a, para. 1) and Singleton et al. (2016, p. 4) suggest that the population of Sumatran orangutans is 14,613 however, Singleton et al (2016, p.4) advises that only 13,835 are viable due to a small population size of some groups. Singleton et al. (2016, p. 4) identifies the current population trend as â€Å"decreasing†. Fire, hunting, the illegal pet trade, human-wildlife conflicts and forest conversion for palm oil plantations andRead MoreCan Conservation Increase Chances of the Amur Leopard’s Survival?660 Words   |  3 Pagesthe IUCN red list at risk of extinction, with its population trend decreasing, they are classified as critically endangered in which they have now become extinct in the north-east of China and Korean Peninsula1. Now only existing in Russia due to their adaptation of their snowy winters, the future of this species remains uncertain. There are a range of breeding programs and different methods of conservation in development to try and raise population levels of the Panthera pardus orientalis. This reportRead MoreWildlife Conservation in India1394 Words   |  6 Pages1. Meaning Of Wildlife Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animalsRead MoreDisadvantages of Science in Hindi1398 Words   |  6 Pageswell as other types of crime Tigers, the  national animal  of India is in danger of  extinction  as the figures of wild  tigers  has plummeted to new lows.  The wild  tigers  in India at the beginning of  project tiger  was 1827 but after the lapse of 38 years and after so much  attention,  number  of wild  tigers  is less than 1000.  This shows the failure of the country in saving the magnificent predator. There are a  number  of factors responsible for this decline in tiger population.   The main factors are:-  Ã‚  rampantRead MoreThe Illegal Trade Of Wildlife1349 Words   |  6 PagesJake Pogorzelski Global Perspectives Mr. Etter December 12th, 2014 Research Paper Today, there are more tigers in Texas than the Bay of Bengal. (CNN) This decline of wild tigers is due to the immense illegal trade of wildlife in Asia. The illegal trade of wildlife in Asia is a severe problem to both the continent and the world. This trade has a number of causes which makes it the fourth largest illegal trade industry behind only drugs, weapons, and human trafficking. It has resulted in countlessRead MoreThe Action of Tiger Conservation3537 Words   |  15 PagesThe Action of Tiger Conservation As the population of tiger in the world dwindles nowadays, everyone has the responsibility for the conservation of tiger especially tiger range countries. Over the past 100 years, tiger numbers have declined by 95 percent which leave only 3,200 and three sub-species have become extinct – with a fourth not seen in the wild for over 25 years (World Wild Fund for Nature [WWF] International, 2008). Since it is estimated that wild tiger number halved to 3,200, we

Significant Person free essay sample

This girl who I met when I was in eighth grade, I forgot her name but I know she use to always call me her mother. When I was 10- years-old I experienced a lot of stuff I shouldn’t have experienced. I was bullied all my life because of my weight, how I talk, how I dress, where I came from, etc. When I was 11-years-old I held on so much pain that I just took that pain out on myself. I started Self-Harm and Suicide so I knew what it was like for no one to listen to you, understand you, care about you and also losing guidance, etc. People came to me for advice and just wanted someone to listen to them.But this girl that I saw was different it was something about her. When I saw her it was like I was looking at myself. I stayed after school as usual for Boys and Girls Club, everyone was playing kickball and I was the captain, I picked my best friend and he said me My,( my is my nickname its a family thing) pick the emo girl. We will write a custom essay sample on Significant Person or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I looked at her and my heart was about to stop because when I was 11-years-old I consider myself as an emo kid. I said okay she’s on my team. I just couldn’t stop looking at her. I walked up to her and said, you emo? She said yeah. I told her no she’s not. I told her, do you even know what emo is? She said yeah. I said what is it then? She didn’t answer me instead she looked away. I said, do you want to end up like me? Her eyes got big and curious. I rolled up my sleeve and showed her my left wrist, she was shocked and she look up at me like you can relate to me? I told her do you want to end up on medicine? Do you want to be in and out of mental hospitals? I told her, you too young to just throw your life away. You might think you emo but you not. I know why you say you’re emo its because no one understands you. People has to go what you went through and feel what you felt or still feeling in order for them to understand. You can’t cut your self because nobody understand you. No one didn’t tell me the world is cruel I had to learn it on my own. I lost guidance a long time ago, I learned as I go. You only 12-years-old you don’t want your arm all scared up because when you want children and you still have those scars what are you going to tell them? You can’t lie to your children. You going to have to wait till they get old enough to understand. You need to get a journal and just write in it. It felt like I was talking to a brick wall but little did I know she was listening. She was so stubborn but two weeks later she got on the bus and went into her backpack and gave me her journal. I was so shocked I said, you want me to read it? She nodded. I read it and I was so emotional and I just hugged her, she would talk to me and I would listen, I didn’t interrupt her when she talk because I knew she had a lot to get off her chest. By two months she stopped wearing black eyeliner, wearing her hair in her face, and on top of that she stop cutting and her scars healed. The girl came to me and said thank you you changed my life and helped me alot. At that moment I knew what I wanted to do in life, I knew what my purpose was. She had a huge impact on me because my dream was to always make a difference in someones life and to help them grow and know that there is something more than just holding grudges, blaming yourself for things, having anger in your heart, and keep holding on to the past. If you keep holding on to the past and still re-reading those same chapters then no doors will open for you unless you close the doors that you already have open. I always thought that I wanted to be a writer or be an artist but the whole time I just wanted to help people in ways no one couldn’t help me because I didn’t have nobody to talk to or have a place to call home because my home didn’t feel like home and when I met that girl I felt like if I had made an impact on he r life I can impact other peoples lives and help them move forward and help them let go of the people or things that hurt them.

Water Distribution System in Spain

Table of Contents Introduction History and Recent Developments Water Source and Usage Water Treatment and Distribution Conclusion Works Cited Appendix Introduction Among European Union countries, Spain emerges as not only one of those with cheapest water tariffs but also where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all its citizens. Statistically, approximately 98 percent of the town or city inhabitants and 93 percent of the countryside inhabitants are linked to sewers, whereas the rest are provided by on-site hygiene schemes for instance septic tanks.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Water Distribution System in Spain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Municipalities in Spain are charged with the duty of supplying water and they do so by contracting both private liability companies and qualified public companies or supplying themselves. Because of contracting others supplies, 60 percent of total water used in Spain is supplied by private water suppliers under dispensation of these municipals with Aguas de Barcelona claiming 50 percent. History and Recent Developments Spain government passed Royal Decree-Law in 1926 that allowed creation of river basin organizations which marked the beginning government’s commitment towards providing clean water to its citizens.† The first river basin agencies (Confederaciones Hidrogrà ¡ficas) were created in the Ebro basin and in the Segura basin in 1926, followed by the Guadalquivir in 1927 and the Eastern Pyrenees in 1929† (Advanced Purification Engineering Corporation 1). Later in 1961, river basin organizations were formed in the whole nation, which continues to serve most Spain nationals up to now with few exceptions. Water Source and Usage Depending with geographical location and prevailing weather conditions, different parts of Spain receive water from different sources. However, on average â€Å"approximately 74 perce nt of water supplied by Spain municipalities come from surface water, only 19% in surface water and 7% in springs and desalination,† (Bartram 2). Since southern part of Spain is frequently hit by droughts, desalinated seawater is the common source of water. As asserted by International Water Association, desalination plants were increased to over 700 in 2004 thereby increasing accessibility to clean and safe drinking water to southern inhabitants. Information on annual water usage in Spain differs depending with the source and method used for sampling. Research done by International Water Association in 40 cities reflects, â€Å"Water use as between 169 l/c/d in Valencia and 192 l/c/d in Valencia, including industrial water use† (Theilig 3). These consumption statistics level tally on average with that of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. On the other hand, according to report published in 2008, â€Å"water consumption about 280 liter pe r capita and day (l/c/d)† (Bartram 3).Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Water Treatment and Distribution Presently, Spanish government has stepped up its efforts to ensure sustainable access to safe water for all its citizens and there have been deliberate efforts to â€Å"increase number and size of desalination plants in order to meet growing water demand. The goal of this program is to obtain drinking water from the seas and rivers, as well as to improve the re-use of treated wastewater† (Bartram 4). In Spain, reverse osmosis water treatment technology is commonly used with up to 50% of total water used being treated by this technology. This has been specifically beneficial to the four independent communities adjacent to the Mediterranean Coast. Reverse osmosis is whereby â€Å"water is moved across the membrane against the concentration gradient, from lower concentra tion to higher concentration i.e. pressure is exerted on the side with the concentrated solution to force the water molecules across the membrane to the fresh water side† (Theilig 2) Depending on the water source, there are different treatment methods that can be used and therefore, municipalities and private companies employ different methods to sanitize water (Theilig 5). For instance, water drawn from either underground aquifer or surface water supply like a river is first pumped in a reverse osmosis unit where water undergoes treatment. According to Advanced Purification Engineering Corporation: The treated water is then pumped under pressure into a distribution system, which typically consists of a network of pipes (water mains) interconnected with ground level or elevated storage facilities (reservoirs). As it is withdrawn from the source, surface water is usually screened through steel bars, typically about 1 in (2.54 cm) thick and about 2 in (5.08 cm) apart, to prevent large objects such as logs or fish from entering the treatment facility(2) Water is used for many purposes ranging from domestic, irrigation, industrial and as fire extinguishing agent. The main water supply for firefighting processes in Spain is the hydrants. By definition, â€Å"a fire hydrant is an above-ground connection that provides access to a water supply for the purpose of fighting fires† (Cavette 1). If the hydrant is linked to the water hidden in the street, it is always pressurized to provide enough pressure to fight fire. Pressurized hydrants are classified as either dry-barrel or wet barrel. There are various diverse types of hydrants used in Spain currently; Smith low-pressure hydrant, Dresser low-pressure hydrant, Chapman and Eddy hydrants and high-pressure hydrants (Brisaboa and Martà ­nez 8).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Water Distribution System in Spain specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are situations where there are no hydrants; in this case, Spain has acquired booster tanks, which come in to fight fire emergencies. Booster tanks have the capability to draft water from stagnant sources for instance lakes, pools, or rivers. Water-circulation structures that serve Spain cities, towns, and industries are generally categorized as being of the tree, gridiron, or loop type. They either can be combined or used individual depending on the complexity of design and application. By definition Gagliardi and Liberatore states that: In the loop system, large feeder mains that surround areas many city blocks square serve smaller cross-feed lines connected at each end into the main loop. In the gridiron (or grid) system, the piping is laid out in checkerboard fashion, with piping usually decreasing in size as the distance increases from the source of supply. In the tree system, there is a single trunk main, reducing in size with increasing distance from its source of supply; branch lines are supplied from the trunk. The grid and loop systems provide better reliability because of their multiple paths (1) The loop and grid structures are commonly used in Spain since they offer enhanced dependability because of their numerous paths. These piping systems are regularly boosted with feeder pipes coming directly from â€Å"water pumping station to remote distribution centers serving to bolster the supply to meet increased demands with growth of population† (Gagliardi and Liberatore 2). Below is a diagram showing how piping in Spain is done: Source: Gagliardi and Liberatore 2Advertising Looking for report on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Spain is among the top on the list for those nations, which provide affordable, safe and constant water to its citizens in the European Union community. In areas, which often face drought spells particularly southern part of Spain, the government has built over 900 desalination units for treatment purposes. Concerning disaster preparedness, municipalities have thousands of hydrants placed strategically in near buildings. This is backed by firefighting tanks where have the capacity to draft water from any stagnant source be in a river or a lake. Works Cited Advanced Purification Engineering Corporation. Reverse osmosis drinking water systems. Ithaca, NY: Cornell U, 2010. Print. Bartram, Jamie. â€Å"A global network for water professionals. â€Å" Journal of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene for Development, 4.1(2010): 1-10. Brisaboa, Nieves and Martà ­nez, Antonio. â€Å"The E.I.E.L. project: an experience of GIS development.† Water Distribution System Journal, 43. 1(2003):1-16. Cavette, Chris. â€Å"Fire hydrant† How Products are Made, 4.1(2010):1-3. Gagliardi, Michael and Liberatore, Louis. â€Å"Piping Water system.† Piping Systems Journal 3.1(2008):1-14. Theilig, Susana.† Naval station rota Spain drinking water.† Consumer Confidence Journal, 4.2(2010):1-5. Appendix Fig.1 Dumping Site and Sewage Treatment Plant in Spain (Brisaboa and Martà ­nez 11) Source: Brisaboa and Martà ­nez 12 This report on Water Distribution System in Spain was written and submitted by user Giovani Sawyer to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.